Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World

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Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World (ISBN 978-0201483406) is a 1994 book by Kevin Kelly. Major themes in Out of Control are cybernetics, emergence, self-organization, complex systems and chaos theory and it can be seen as a work of Techno-utopianism. The central theme of the book is that several fields of contemporary science and philosophy point in the same direction: intelligence is not organized in a centralized structure but much more like a bee-hive of small simple components. Kelly applies this view to bureaucratic organizations, intelligent computers as well as to the human brain. Before being cast as the role of Neo for the 1999 film The Matrix, the Wachowski Brothers asked Keanu Reeves to read this book (as well as a two others) before even opening the script.

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