Domains & Types » Medicine » Nerve

Nerve

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A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (the long, slender projection of a neuron). A nerve also includes the glial cells that ensheath the axons in myelin. more

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Cranial nerves Cranial nerves Cranial nerve
Cranial nerves are nerve that emerge directly from the brain in contrast to spinal nerve which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. Although thirteen cranial nerves in humans fit this description, twelve are conventionally recognized. The nerves...
Anatomical structure
Vagus nerve Cranial nerve
The vagus nerve (VĀ-gəs) (also called pneumogastric nerve or cranial nerve X) is the tenth of twelve paired cranial nerves, and is the only nerve that starts in the brainstem (within the medulla oblongata) and extends, through the jugular foramen,...
Anatomical structure
Optic nerve Cranial nerve
The optic nerve, also called cranial nerve II, is the nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. The optic nerve is the second of twelve paired cranial nerve but is considered to be part of the central nervous system as...
Anatomical structure
Pudendal nerve Anatomical structure
The pudendal nerve is a nerve in the pelvic region that innervates the external genitalia of both sexes, as well as sphincters for the bladder and the rectum. The pudendal nerve originates in the sacral plexus; it derives its fibers from the...
Olfactory nerve Cranial nerve
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is the first of twelve cranial nerve. The specialized olfactory receptor neuron of the olfactory nerve are located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. The olfactory nerves do not...
Anatomical structure
Abducent nerve Cranial nerve
The abducens nerve (the sixth cranial nerve, also called the sixth nerve or simply VI) is a “somatic efferent” nerve that controls the movement of a single muscle, the lateral rectus muscle of the eye. Homologous abducens nerves are found in all...
Anatomical structure
Facial nerve Cranial nerve
The facial nerve is the seventh (VII) of twelve paired cranial nerves. It emerges from the brainstem between the pons and the medulla, and controls the muscles of facial expression, and taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. It also...
Anatomical structure
Radial nerve Anatomical structure
The radial nerve is a nerve in the human body that supplies the triceps brachii muscle of the arm, as well as all 12 muscles in the posterior osteofascial compartment of the forearm. It originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus...
Median nerve Nerves (yellow) Anatomical structure
The median nerve is a nerve that runs down the arm and forearm. It is one of the five main nerves originating from the brachial plexus. The median nerve is formed from parts of the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus, and continues down...
Brachial plexus Anatomical structure
The brachial plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibres, running from the spine, formed by the ventral rami of the lower cervical and upper thoracic nerve roots, specifically from above the fifth cervical vertebra to underneath the first thoracic...
Sciatic nerve Anatomical structure
The sciatic nerve (also known as the ischiatic nerve) is a large nerve that starts in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. It is the longest and widest single nerve in the body. The sciatic supplies nearly the whole...
Axillary nerve Anatomical structure
The axillary nerve is a nerve of the human body, that comes off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6. The axillary nerve travels through the quadrangular space with the...
Ulnar nerve Anatomical structure
In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve which runs near the ulna bone. Aggravation of this nerve is commonly referred to as hitting one's "funny bone." The ulnar nerve is the largest unprotected nerve in the human body (meaning, unprotected by...
Oculomotor nerve Cranial nerve
The oculomotor nerve is the third of twelve paired cranial nerves. It controls most of the eye's movements, constriction of the pupil, and maintains an open eyelid. (Note: cranial nerves IV and VI also participate in control of eye movement.) The...
Anatomical structure
Trochlear nerve Cranial nerve
The trochlear nerve (the fourth cranial nerve, also called the fourth nerve or simply IV) is a motor nerve (a “somatic efferent” nerve) that innervates a single muscle: the superior oblique muscle of the eye. An older name is pathetic nerve, which...
Anatomical structure
Trigeminal nerve Cranial nerve
The trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve, also called the fifth nerve or simply V) is responsible for sensation in the face. Sensory information from the face and body is processed by parallel pathways in the central nervous system. The fifth...
Anatomical structure
Vestibulocochlear nerve Cranial nerve
The vestibulocochlear nerve (also known as the auditory or acoustic nerve) is the eighth of twelve cranial nerves, and is responsible for transmitting sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain. This is the nerve...
Anatomical structure
Glossopharyngeal nerve Cranial nerve
The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth of twelve pairs of cranial nerves. It exits the brainstem out from the sides of the upper medulla, just rostral (closer to the nose) to the vagus nerve. There are a number of functions of the glossopharyngeal...
Anatomical structure
Accessory nerve Cranial nerve
In anatomy, the accessory nerve is a nerve that controls specific muscle of the neck. As a part of it was formerly believed to originate in the brain, it is considered a cranial nerve. Based on its location relative to other such nerves, it is...
Anatomical structure
Hypoglossal nerve Cranial nerve
The hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve (XII), leading to the tongue. The nerve arises from the hypoglossal nucleus and emerges from the medulla oblongata in the preolivary sulcus separating the olive and the pyramid. It then passes...
Anatomical structure
Suboccipital nerve Anatomical structure
The first spinal nerve, the suboccipital nerve exits the spinal cord between the skull and the first cervical vertebra, the atlas. It supplies muscle around the suboccipital triangle including the rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis...
Greater occipital nerve Anatomical structure
The greater occipital nerve is a spinal nerve arising from the dorsal primary rami of cervical spinal nerve 2, between the first and second cervical vertebrae, along with the lesser occipital nerve. It innervates the scalp at the top of the head,...
Lesser occipital nerve Side of neck, showing chief surface markings Anatomical structure
The lesser occipital nerve or small occipital nerve is a spinal nerve arising between the first and second cervical vertebrae, along with the greater occipital nerve. It innervates the scalp in the lateral area of the head behind the ear. It...
Greater auricular nerve Anatomical structure
The great auricular nerve originates from the cervical plexus, composed of branches of spinal nerve C2 and C3. It provides sensory innervation for the skin over parotid gland and mastoid process, and both surfaces of the outer ear. Although this...
Phrenic nerve Anatomical structure
The phrenic nerve arises from the third, fourth, and fifth cervical spinal nerve (C3-C5) in humans. It arises from the fifth, sixth and seventh cervical spinal nerves (C5-7) in most domestic animals. The phrenic nerve is made up mostly of motor...
Dorsal scapular nerve Anatomical structure
The dorsal scapular nerve arises from the brachial plexus, usually from the plexus root (anterior/ventral ramus) of C5. It provides motor innervation to the rhomboid muscle, which pull the scapula towards the spine and levator scapulae muscle,...
Long thoracic nerve Nerves (yellow) Anatomical structure
The long thoracic nerve (external respiratory nerve of Bell; posterior thoracic nerve) supplies the Serratus anterior. This nerve characteristically arises by three roots from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves (C5-C7) but the root from...
Mandibular nerve Cranial nerve
The mandibular nerve (V) is the largest of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve. It is made up of two roots: The two roots (sensory and motor) exit the middle cranial fossa through the foramen ovale. The two roots then combine. The nerve...
Anatomical structure
Supraorbital nerve   Cranial nerve
The supraorbital nerve is a terminal branch of the frontal nerve. It passes through the supraorbital foramen, and gives off, in this situation, palpebral filaments to the upper eyelid. It then ascends upon the forehead, and ends in two branches,...
Anatomical structure
Genitofemoral nerve Anatomical structure
In human anatomy, the genitofemoral nerve originates from the upper part of the lumbar plexus of spinal nerves. Its roots are L1 and L2 (lumbar). The genitofemoral nerve is responsible for both the efferent and afferent limbs of the cremasteric...